that's too much!

.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/geopandas/tests/test_merge.py

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+import warnings
+
+import pandas as pd
+import pytest
+from geopandas.testing import assert_geodataframe_equal
+from pandas.testing import assert_index_equal
+
+from shapely.geometry import Point
+
+from geopandas import GeoDataFrame, GeoSeries
+
+
+class TestMerging:
+    def setup_method(self):
+        self.gseries = GeoSeries([Point(i, i) for i in range(3)])
+        self.series = pd.Series([1, 2, 3])
+        self.gdf = GeoDataFrame({"geometry": self.gseries, "values": range(3)})
+        self.df = pd.DataFrame({"col1": [1, 2, 3], "col2": [0.1, 0.2, 0.3]})
+
+    def _check_metadata(self, gdf, geometry_column_name="geometry", crs=None):
+        assert gdf._geometry_column_name == geometry_column_name
+        assert gdf.crs == crs
+
+    def test_merge(self):
+        res = self.gdf.merge(self.df, left_on="values", right_on="col1")
+
+        # check result is a GeoDataFrame
+        assert isinstance(res, GeoDataFrame)
+
+        # check geometry property gives GeoSeries
+        assert isinstance(res.geometry, GeoSeries)
+
+        # check metadata
+        self._check_metadata(res)
+
+        # test that crs and other geometry name are preserved
+        self.gdf.crs = "epsg:4326"
+        self.gdf = self.gdf.rename(columns={"geometry": "points"}).set_geometry(
+            "points"
+        )
+        res = self.gdf.merge(self.df, left_on="values", right_on="col1")
+        assert isinstance(res, GeoDataFrame)
+        assert isinstance(res.geometry, GeoSeries)
+        self._check_metadata(res, "points", self.gdf.crs)
+
+    def test_concat_axis0(self):
+        # frame
+        res = pd.concat([self.gdf, self.gdf])
+        assert res.shape == (6, 2)
+        assert isinstance(res, GeoDataFrame)
+        assert isinstance(res.geometry, GeoSeries)
+        self._check_metadata(res)
+        exp = GeoDataFrame(pd.concat([pd.DataFrame(self.gdf), pd.DataFrame(self.gdf)]))
+        assert_geodataframe_equal(exp, res)
+
+        # series
+        res = pd.concat([self.gdf.geometry, self.gdf.geometry])
+        assert res.shape == (6,)
+        assert isinstance(res, GeoSeries)
+        assert isinstance(res.geometry, GeoSeries)
+
+    def test_concat_axis0_crs(self):
+        # CRS not set for both GeoDataFrame
+        res = pd.concat([self.gdf, self.gdf])
+        self._check_metadata(res)
+
+        # CRS set for both GeoDataFrame, same CRS
+        res1 = pd.concat([self.gdf.set_crs("epsg:4326"), self.gdf.set_crs("epsg:4326")])
+        self._check_metadata(res1, crs="epsg:4326")
+
+        # CRS not set for one GeoDataFrame, but set for the other GeoDataFrame
+        with pytest.warns(
+            UserWarning, match=r"CRS not set for some of the concatenation inputs.*"
+        ):
+            res2 = pd.concat([self.gdf, self.gdf.set_crs("epsg:4326")])
+            self._check_metadata(res2, crs="epsg:4326")
+
+        # CRS set for both GeoDataFrame, different CRS
+        with pytest.raises(
+            ValueError, match=r"Cannot determine common CRS for concatenation inputs.*"
+        ):
+            pd.concat([self.gdf.set_crs("epsg:4326"), self.gdf.set_crs("epsg:4327")])
+
+        # CRS not set for one GeoDataFrame, but set for the other GeoDataFrames,
+        # same CRS
+        with pytest.warns(
+            UserWarning, match=r"CRS not set for some of the concatenation inputs.*"
+        ):
+            res3 = pd.concat(
+                [self.gdf, self.gdf.set_crs("epsg:4326"), self.gdf.set_crs("epsg:4326")]
+            )
+            self._check_metadata(res3, crs="epsg:4326")
+
+        # CRS not set for one GeoDataFrame, but set for the other GeoDataFrames,
+        # different CRS
+        with pytest.raises(
+            ValueError, match=r"Cannot determine common CRS for concatenation inputs.*"
+        ):
+            pd.concat(
+                [self.gdf, self.gdf.set_crs("epsg:4326"), self.gdf.set_crs("epsg:4327")]
+            )
+
+    def test_concat_axis0_unaligned_cols(self):
+        # https://github.com/geopandas/geopandas/issues/2679
+        gdf = self.gdf.set_crs("epsg:4326").assign(
+            geom=self.gdf.geometry.set_crs("epsg:4327")
+        )
+        both_geom_cols = gdf[["geom", "geometry"]]
+        single_geom_col = gdf[["geometry"]]
+        with warnings.catch_warnings():
+            warnings.simplefilter("error")
+            pd.concat([both_geom_cols, single_geom_col])
+        # Check order of mismatch doesn't matter
+        with warnings.catch_warnings():
+            warnings.simplefilter("error")
+            pd.concat([single_geom_col, both_geom_cols])
+
+        # Side effect of this fix, explicitly provided all none geoseries
+        # will not be warned for (ideally this would still warn)
+        explicit_all_none_case = gdf[["geometry"]].assign(
+            geom=GeoSeries([None for _ in range(len(gdf))])
+        )
+        with warnings.catch_warnings():
+            warnings.simplefilter("error")
+            pd.concat([both_geom_cols, explicit_all_none_case])
+
+        # Check concat with partially None col is not affected by the special casing
+        # for all None no CRS handling
+        with pytest.warns(
+            UserWarning, match=r"CRS not set for some of the concatenation inputs.*"
+        ):
+            partial_none_case = self.gdf[["geometry"]]
+            partial_none_case.iloc[0] = None
+            pd.concat([single_geom_col, partial_none_case])
+
+    def test_concat_axis1(self):
+        res = pd.concat([self.gdf, self.df], axis=1)
+
+        assert res.shape == (3, 4)
+        assert isinstance(res, GeoDataFrame)
+        assert isinstance(res.geometry, GeoSeries)
+        self._check_metadata(res)
+
+    def test_concat_axis1_multiple_geodataframes(self):
+        # https://github.com/geopandas/geopandas/issues/1230
+        # Expect that concat should fail gracefully if duplicate column names belonging
+        # to geometry columns are introduced.
+        expected_err = (
+            "GeoDataFrame does not support multiple columns using the geometry"
+            " column name 'geometry'"
+        )
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=expected_err):
+            pd.concat([self.gdf, self.gdf], axis=1)
+
+        # Check case is handled if custom geometry column name is used
+        df2 = self.gdf.rename_geometry("geom")
+        expected_err2 = (
+            "Concat operation has resulted in multiple columns using the geometry "
+            "column name 'geom'."
+        )
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=expected_err2):
+            pd.concat([df2, df2], axis=1)
+
+        # Check that two geometry columns is fine, if they have different names
+        res3 = pd.concat([df2.set_crs("epsg:4326"), self.gdf], axis=1)
+        # check metadata comes from first df
+        self._check_metadata(res3, geometry_column_name="geom", crs="epsg:4326")
+
+    @pytest.mark.filterwarnings("ignore:Accessing CRS")
+    def test_concat_axis1_geoseries(self):
+        gseries2 = GeoSeries([Point(i, i) for i in range(3, 6)], crs="epsg:4326")
+        result = pd.concat([gseries2, self.gseries], axis=1)
+        # Note this is not consistent with concat([gdf, gdf], axis=1) where the
+        # left metadata is set on the result. This is deliberate for now.
+        assert type(result) is GeoDataFrame
+        assert result._geometry_column_name is None
+        assert_index_equal(pd.Index([0, 1]), result.columns)
+
+        gseries2.name = "foo"
+        result2 = pd.concat([gseries2, self.gseries], axis=1)
+        assert type(result2) is GeoDataFrame
+        assert result._geometry_column_name is None
+        assert_index_equal(pd.Index(["foo", 0]), result2.columns)